Following the Civil War the 9th and 10th United States Cavalry Regiments were organized in 1866, comprised of soldiers of African descent. They participated in the Indian Wars of the late 19th century. Their military operations encompassed a vast territory including parts of Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona. Together these units compiled a distinguished record of military accomplishments. Out of respect, and due to the courage they displayed in battle, the Indians called them "Buffalo Soldiers." The buffalo was a sacred animal to the Indians, therefore the Cavalrymen accepted the title with great pride. Life as a "Buffalo Soldier" was not easy as they experienced many difficulties. However, there were special enjoyable moments, such as spending time with a loved one. Those rare moments were cherished because they were an escape from the reality of the harsh conditions endured while on duty. All "Buffalo Soldiers" looked forward to and appreciated the time when they were "Off Duty."