It was an unforgettable display of valor amid the worst of the war. During the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862, Northern troops from the Army of the Potomac under Gen. Ambrose Burnside repeatedly assaulted impregnable Southern positions on Marye's Heights. Battle-seasoned troops from Gen. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia were defending a heavily-fortified line behind a stone wall. Wave after wave of Federal troops charged up the hill- and were slaughtered. Casualities were horrific. Watching so many brave men in blue hurl themselves into what was almost certain death, Gen. Le was moved to comment: "It is well that war is so terrible, lest we grow too fond of it." Near dusk, after numerous unsuccessful attempts to break the Confederate line, another assault was ordered. Among the front-line troops chosen for the attack was the 20th Maine Infantry, whose officers included Lt. Col. Joshua Chamberlain. A former college professor from Maine, Chamberlain would become one of the Civil War's most famous figures for his heroic defense of Little Round Top at Gettysburg- which may have saved the battle and the war for the North. He would later rise in rank to general and would be chosen to receive the surrender of Lee's troops at Appomattox. At Fredericksburg, however, what Chamberlain and the 20th Main experienced was not victory- but sacrifice and defeat. The men from Maine pushed their way over the bodies of their fallen comrades to within a stone's throw from the Southern line before they were forced to find cover on the littered slopes of Marye's Heights. There they stayed in the bitter cold all night and allday, lying amid the bodies of the dead. Finally, on the afternoon of the next day, they were recalled for the retreat of the Federal army. It was a harrowing and heart-rendering exposure to the worst of war for Chamberlain and his men. Yet, they had proven their mettle. The valor they and other troops from the Army of the Potomac displayed at Fredericksburg would become one of the war's most memorable and heroic sagas. The measure of their courage would be recorded after the war by one of their former foes, Gen. Longstreet, who watched their valiant assaults from atop Marye's Heights, "A series of braver, more desperate charges than those hurled aginst our troops... was never known," Longstreet observed. Victory and acclaim awaited Chamberlain and his 20th Maine at Gettysburg- forged on the fiedl of fire at Fredericksburg.